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systemd allows Linux users to have a dynamic /dev directory and it provides the ability to have persistent device names. It uses sysfs and /sbin/hotplug and runs entirely in userspace.
systemd (previously known as udev) comes with a lot of documentation and full manpages included in the source tarball.
systemd is included in almost every kernel based Linux distribution that is shipping, so please use the packages provided by your distro instead of trying to install from the source tree. But if you insist, please read the README files in the source tarball for how to set it up initially.
Product's homepage
Requirements:
· It requires a 2.6 Linux kernel with CONFIG_HOTPLUG enabled to run.
· It is recommended that you also have the Linux Hotplug scripts installed, but it is not necessary for it to work properly.
What's New in This Release: [ read full changelog ]
· Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on the supported calendar time specification language see systemd.time(7).
udev now supports a number of different naming policies for network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki document for details:
· http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
· Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the systemd tree. It's an optional component that can graph the boot in quite some detail. It's one of the best bootchart implementations around and minimal in its code and dependencies.
· nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and since its code is actually trivial we decided to just include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off with a configure switch.
· The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems such as ext4.
· In udev, additional device properties are now read from the IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company identities are attached to the devices as well.
· In service files %U may be used as specifier that is replaced by the configured user name of the service.
· nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This may be used to set up a simple containerized server system using only core OS tools.
· systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors when they are started for socket activation. This enables implementation of socket activated nspawn containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc eventually.
· journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when presenting log data.systemctl will no longer show control group information for a unit if a the control group is empty anyway.
· logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the system on idle.
· /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis type of the system. This can be used to determine whether the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or tablet. This information may either be configured by the user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI information if possible.
· A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well.
· Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system is running on battery power.
· systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit is in the "failed" state.
· The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of environment files at once.
· systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been removed, systemd is now fully generic and distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure switches. However, support for some distribution specific legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration files everybody else uses now and convert the old configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions already did that. If that's not possible or desirable, distributions are welcome to forward port the specific pieces of code locally from the git history.
· When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always log the unit name in the message meta data.
· localectl will now also discover system locale data that is not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked.
· logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead, it will now look for all devices that are tagged as "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will be marked as such, but depending on local systems other devices might be marked as well. This may be used to integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead, and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be shipped from us upstream.
Via: systemd 199
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